The Quran (16:106) and Hadith (Sahih Muslim, Book #032, Hadith #6303) provide guidance on lying in specific situations:
In battle, to persuade others to join the fight or to bring reconciliation between warring parties.
To protect oneself from persecution or harm, as long as one’s heart remains firm in faith.
To reconcile two parties, such as a husband and wife.
Conditions and Limitations
Taqiyya is justified:
When migration to a safer location is not possible. In these situations, concealing one’s faith is considered a means of self-preservation.
The Quran (16:107) emphasizes that those who recant their faith under compulsion will not be held accountable if their hearts remain firm in faith.
Shia and Sunni Perspectives
Shia Muslims have a broader understanding of taqiyya, allowing its application in various situations, including interactions with other Muslims. Sunni scholars, however, tend to restrict taqiyya to dealings with non-Muslims and only when under compulsion.
Conclusion
In Islam, lying is justified as a means of self-preservation or to achieve a greater good. Taqiyya is a concept that acknowledges the possibility of concealing one’s faith.